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Atmospheric Pollution is a theme which is becoming increasingly important as the discussion on global warming becomes ever more relevant. This free textbook introduces the different concepts of Atmospheric Pollution and also introduces the reader to the underlying principles of physics and chemistry, which are constants in this discussion. DOWNLOAD
Atmospheric Pollution is a theme which is becoming increasingly important as the discussion on global warming becomes ever more relevant. This free textbook introduces the different concepts of Atmospheric Pollution and also introduces the reader to the underlying principles of physics and chemistry, which are constants in this discussion. Contents
Preface
1. Introduction: The gas laws 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Ideal Gas Equation 1.3 The mole concept 1.4 Sample calculations 1.5 The parts per million (p.p.m.) concept 1.6 Nitrogen accompanying oxygen in combustion processes 1.7 Concluding comments
2. Sulphur pollutants 2.1 Origin of sulphur pollutants 2.2 Sulphur in fuels 2.3 Form of sulphur in fuels and the fate of the sulphur on combustion 2.4 Desulphurisation of fuels 2.5 Sulphur credits 2.6 Methods of sulphur dioxide detection 2.7 Sulphur pollution levels in various countries 2.8 Sulphur dioxide emissions from shipping 2.9 Acid rain 2.10 Acid rain in the age of greenhouse gas reductions 2.11 Concluding remarks 2.12 References
3. Oxides of nitrogen 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Denitrogenation of fuels 3.3 NOx mitigation during burning: the ‘low NOx burner’ 3.4 Removal of NOx from flue gas by selective catalytic reduction 3.5 NOx from vehicles 3.6 NOx from shipping 3.7 NOx credits 3.8 Means of measuring NOx 3.9 Concluding numerical exercise 3.10 References
4. Particulate 4.1 General introduction 4.2 PM10 4.3 PM2.5 4.4 Smaller particles than PM2.5 4.4 Concluding comments 4.5 References
5. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ozone 5.1 Introduction 5.2 VOC from vehicles 5.3 VOC from refineries 5.4 Other sources of VOC 5.5 Measurement of VOC 5.6 VOC and ozone formation 5.7 Ozone
6. Carbon monoxide 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Contribution from motor vehicles 6.3 Miscellaneous sources of carbon monoxide [1] 6.4 Detection and measurement of carbon monoxide 6.5 Harmful effects of carbon monoxide 6.6 Concluding remarks: trends in carbon monoxide levels in air 6.7 References 6.8 Appendix to Chapter 6
7. Metals in the atmosphere 7.1 Lead 7.2 Mercury 7.3 Cadmium 7.4 Nickel 7.5 Arsenic 7.6 Analysis of air for metallic elements 7.7 References
8. Chlorinated pollutants 8.1 Hydrogen chloride 8.2 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 8.3 Elemental chlorine 8.4 Dioxins 8.5 References
9. Greenhouse gases Part I: Background 9.1 Introduction to the greenhouse gas chapters 9.2 Gas radiation 9.3 Why ‘greenhouse’? 9.4 A simplified model for the emissivity of the troposphere 9.5 Levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 9.6 The distinction between fossil fuel and non-fossil fuel carbon dioxide 9.7 Carbon dioxide emissions from natural gas and petroleum fuels 9.8 Methane as a greenhouse gas 9.9 Sources of carbon dioxide other than fossil fuel combustion 9.10 References
10. Greenhouse gases Part II: Mitigation measures, emission targets and carbon trading 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from power generation 10.3 Carbon credits 10.4 Carbon dioxide from vehicles 10.5 Carbon dioxide from aircraft 10.6 Carbon dioxide from shipping 10.7 Miscellaneous sources of carbon dioxide 10.8 Uptake of carbon dioxide by vegetation 10.9 Carbon dioxide sequestration 10.10 Concluding remarks 10.11 References
11. Radioactivity in the atmosphere 11.1 Radon 11.2 Uranium 11.3 Thorium 11.4 Polonium 11.5 Cosmic rays 11.6 Carbon-14 11.7 Iodine 11.8 Caesium 11.9 Some nuclear incidents 11.10 References
Postscript
Notes
